The deposit size frequency method for estimating undiscovered uranium deposits     

Richard B. McCammon  Warren I. Finch 《Natural Resources Research》1993,2(2):106-112

The deposit size frequency (DSF) method has been developed as a generalization of the method that was used in the National Uranium Resource Evaluation (NURE) program to estimate the uranium endowment of the United States. The DSF method overcomes difficulties encountered during the NURE program when geologists were asked to provide subjective estimates of (1) the endowed fraction of an area judged favorable (factorF) for the occurrence of undiscovered uranium deposits and (2) the tons of endowed rock per unit area (factorT) within the endowed fraction of the favorable area. Because the magnitudes of factorsF andT were unfamiliar to nearly all of the geologists, most geologists responded by estimating the number of undiscovered deposits likely to occur within the favorable area and the average size of these deposits. The DSF method combines factorsF andT into a single factor (F·T) that represents the tons of endowed rock per unit area of the undiscovered deposits within the favorable area. FactorF·T, provided by the geologist, is the estimated number of undiscovered deposits per unit area in each of a number of specified deposit-size classes. The number of deposit-size classes and the size interval of each class are based on the data collected from the deposits in known (control) areas. The DSF method affords greater latitude in making subjective estimates than the NURE method and emphasizes more of the everyday experience of exploration geologists. Using the DSF method, new assessments have been made for the young, organic-rich surficial uranium deposits in Washington and idaho and for the solution-collapse breccia pipe uranium deposits in the Grand Canyon region in Arizona and adjacent Utah.  相似文献   

辽宁地区主要断裂活动性和地震危险性评估     

曹凤娟  贾丽华  李梦莹  王松阳 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2021,51(1):286-295

基于辽宁地区主要活动断裂的几何特征和空间展布，对1980年以来辽宁地区M_L≥2.0地震的累计频次和1900年以来M_s≥5.0地震的年发生率的空间分布及其与活动断裂构造背景关系进行研究，获得了基于地震学的辽宁省内主要断裂和构造区（带）的活动性与地震危险性的初步评估结果。辽宁地区主要断裂活动性较高的有海城河断裂、金州断裂九寨—盖州北段、朝阳—北票断裂等；辽宁地区未来3年发生M_s≥5.0地震危险性较高的断裂依次有海城河断裂、金州断裂、熊岳—庄河断裂、鸭绿江断裂及赤峰—开原断裂与柳河断裂交汇处等。在判定区域地震危险性和城市地震风险时，除了依据前兆异常的空间分布，还应充分考虑区内主要构造（断裂）的活动性与地震危险性。  相似文献   

新疆第三次荒漠化监测中的问题及其建议   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4  

程小红  潘存军  彭建新 《云南地理环境研究》2006,18(2):12-16

回顾了新疆3次在荒漠化监测中所进行的荒漠化监测与评价指标体系的建立，也是新疆开展荒漠化监测的基础；介绍了以遥感与地理信息为主要技术的荒漠化监测评价的方法；阐述了新疆第三次荒漠化监测中存在的问题。指出目前新疆荒漠化评价存在的主要问题是评价指标的不确定性、评价指标体系的难操作性和遥感数据源选用的随机性，进而对上述问题的解决途径进行了讨论。  相似文献   

Spatial analysis of elements in soils from Chengdu City     

Shuyun XIE Zhengyu BAO Bing LI 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):7-8

Three kinds of spatial analysis methods （geostatistics, concentration-area fractal model and the multifractal analysis called the moment method） were used for almost 50 elements, including heavy metals, disperse elements, rare elements and even others, in 6586 top soil （0-20 cm） samples and 1833 deep soil （150-200 cm） samples from Chengdu metropolitan area of 12400 km^2, southwestern China. The ranges of spatial correlation revealed by variograms are quite different for different kinds of elements in the top and deep soils. The most interest is the fact that the multifractal spectra of environmentally important elements such as Pb, Cr, Cd and Ni in top soils in the metropolitan area show systematic change from those in the deep soils, revealing a strong anthropogenic addition, while Hg, Zn, As, Cu and all common elements show no such kind of addition. In terms of multifractal properties based on the multifractal spectrum curves, those disperse and rare elements show great deviation from other major and trace elements, which is also of great interest.  相似文献   

Mineralogical controls on the bioaccessibility of arsenic in weathered gold mine tailings     

《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):33-33

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Ecological risk assessment for heavy metal contamination of a new consideration Agricultural soils     

《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):123-123

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Assessment of marine pollution in Daya Bay, South China： Nutrients, heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants     

《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):166-166

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Geophysical methods applied to fault characterization and earthquake potential assessment in the Lower Tagus Valley, Portugal     

Joo Carvalho  Joo Cabral  Rui Gonalves  Luís Torres  Luís Mendes-Victor 《Tectonophysics》2006,418(3-4):277-297

The study region is located in the Lower Tagus Valley, central Portugal, and includes a large portion of the densely populated area of Lisbon. It is characterized by a moderate seismicity with a diffuse pattern, with historical earthquakes causing many casualties, serious damage and economic losses. Occurrence of earthquakes in the area indicates the presence of seismogenic structures at depth that are deficiently known due to a thick Cenozoic sedimentary cover. The hidden character of many of the faults in the Lower Tagus Valley requires the use of indirect methodologies for their study. This paper focuses on the application of high-resolution seismic reflection method for the detection of near-surface faulting on two major tectonic structures that are hidden under the recent alluvial cover of the Tagus Valley, and that have been recognized on deep oil-industry seismic reflection profiles and/or inferred from the surface geology. These are a WNW–ESE-trending fault zone located within the Lower Tagus Cenozoic basin, across the Tagus River estuary (Porto Alto fault), and a NNE–SSW-trending reverse fault zone that borders the Cenozoic Basin at the W (Vila Franca de Xira–Lisbon fault). Vertical electrical soundings were also acquired over the seismic profiles and the refraction interpretation of the reflection data was carried out. According to the interpretation of the collected data, a complex fault pattern disrupts the near surface (first 400 m) at Porto Alto, affecting the Upper Neogene and (at least for one fault) the Quaternary, with a normal offset component. The consistency with the previous oil-industry profiles interpretation supports the location and geometry of this fault zone. Concerning the second structure, two major faults were detected north of Vila Franca de Xira, supporting the extension of the Vila Franca de Xira–Lisbon fault zone northwards. One of these faults presents a reverse geometry apparently displacing Holocene alluvium. Vertical offsets of the Holocene sediments detected in the studied geophysical data of Porto Alto and Vila Franca de Xira–Lisbon faults imply minimum slip rates of 0.15–0.30 mm/year, three times larger than previously inferred for active faults in the Lower Tagus Valley and maximum estimates of average return periods of 2000–5000 years for M 6.5–7 co-seismic ruptures.  相似文献   

湿地功能快速评价中的若干理论问题   总被引：9，自引：5，他引：9  

殷书柏  吕宪国 《湿地科学》2006,4(1):1-6

针对目前湿地功能快速评价中存在的不足之处,分析了产生这些不足的原因及湿地功能快速评价过程中存在的一些基本理论问题。分析表明:湿地功能快速评价方法是为了达到“湿地功能无净损失”目的,是在需要评价的湿地如此之多而从事湿地功能评价的专业人员又极其缺乏的情况下发展起来的。它对于湿地恢复与重建以及湿地受人类活动干扰程度的评价是非常有效的;在湿地功能快速评价过程中,把相对未受人类干扰的参照湿地的功能指数规定为1,这就使得快速评价方法不能对参照湿地的功能进行评价,而目前最需要评价其功能的湿地往往就是这些相对未受人类活动干扰的湿地;在相同水文地貌的湿地类型内评价湿地功能之间的差异,这使得快速评价方法不能评价湿地的水文地貌功能;由于快速评价的结果都是相对的功能指数,并不能说明湿地所提供的功能量是否满足人们的需求,因而在决策中不能单独使用;快速评价都是“一次调查就获得结果”,同时由于快速评价过程中指标选择的主观性、指标赋值的主观性、采样点空间设置的主观性以及采样时间的主观性,对于具有时空变化特征的湿地功能的评价结果的可重复性和科学性是很低的。为了使湿地功能评价的结果对管理和决策具有指导意义,基于湿地功能量计算的、定量的评价湿地功能的方法必须开发出来。针对不同的评价目的,湿地功能评价可采用双重参照标准:一是以自然为参照来评价湿地功能受人类活动影响的程度以及湿地恢复与重建成功与否;二是以人类需要为标准来评价湿地提供的功能量是否满足了我们的期望,以便采取措施改进湿地功能来满足人类的需求。  相似文献   

Quantification of the risk associated with high levels of mercury pollution at Temirtau, Kazakhstan     

Huiwen HSIAO Susanne M. Ullrich Trevor W. Tanton 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):233-233

This research aims to establish the risks of hurnan exposure to modeling approach. The study site was located on the River Nura 1990s, an acetaldehyde production plant located in the industrial high environmental mercury levels, based on a quantitative risk in central Kazakhstan. From the 1950s until its closure in the mid city of Temirtau released mercury-containing wastewater into the river. River sediments are highly contaminated with mercury up to a distance of 25 km and beyond. In addition, a local power station released an estimated 6 million tonnes of fly-ash into the water and the mercury has become quite tightly associated with the ash deposits. River water, fish and agricultural land in the floodplain are also contaminated with mercury, yet the risks posed to the local population have not been evaluated to date. In June and July 2005, we took samples of soil, interior and exterior dust, drinking water, and food from individual households, communal areas and markets. Additionally, water and sediment samples and fish were taken from the river. Interviews were conducted with householders to establish their age and body weight, general living conditions and sources of irrigation and drinking water. A food frequency questionnaire （FFQ） was designed to investigate the frequencies of consumption of several common regional food items, including fish from the fiver and/or local market. Human hair samples were also collected to estimate the mercury bioburden and to enable the validity of the modeling approach to be established. The paper expands on the main pathways of contamination and looks at linkages between exposure pathways and mercury concentrations found in human hair. Uncertainties inherent in risk analysis as well as their influence on the relative importance of different exposure routes are also discussed.  相似文献